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Environment

Captivating images expose a 'staged version' of nature

In his series The Anthropocene Illusion, photographer Zed Nelson highlights the tension between an unfolding environmental crisis and our obsession with 'curating' nature

By Alison Flood

30 April 2025

Out of Africa champagne picnic experience. Masai Mara luxury safari. Kenya Kenya???s national parks and reserves offer tourists the chance to see wild animals in what remains of their natural habitat. In Masai Mara, tourists engage in colonial fantasies while re-enacting the romantic picnic scene in the film Out of Africa. Local Masaai tribesman are employed to provide picturesque authenticity to the experience. Earth???s wildlife populations have plunged by an average of 69% in the last 50 years; 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Kenyan national parks provide a sanctuary, but the animals living within them are allowed to survive essentially for human entertainment and reassurance. These animals become, in effect, performers for paying tourists eager to see a nostalgic picture-book image of the natural world.

Out of Africa champagne picnic experience. Maasai Mara luxury safari. Kenya

Zed Nelson

A Maasai man looks out at Kenya’s Maasai Mara National Reserve. But this is no pristine wilderness: behind him are the remnants of a “champagne picnic experience” for tourists.

“Tourists are paying for the privilege of re-enacting a scene from a colonial film,” says photographer Zed Nelson. “The Maasai warrior is being paid to add authenticity to the scene.” The image is part of Nelson’s series The Anthropocene Illusion, which won him Photographer of the Year at the Sony World Photography Awards last month and is featured in a new book of the same name. Nelson travelled to 14 countries to create the series, which shows how, as the world spirals deeper into environmental crisis, a stage-managed version of nature is proliferating.

Chimelong Ocean Kingdom. Guangdong, China. Whale sharks are the world???s largest fish, growing up to 20 metres in length and living for up to 150 years. In their natural habitat, they migrate thousands of miles, diving to depths of 1,900 metres (6000 feet). With a population of over 1.3 billion, in the last four decades China has experienced one of the most dramatic transformations of any country in the modern era. Hundreds of millions of people have moved from the countryside into over 700 cities. Among the new appetites stimulated by China???s urbanised growth has been a hunger for spectacle, with an enormous number of zoos and ocean parks opening across the country.

Chimelong Ocean Kingdom. Guangdong, China.

Zed Nelson

In another photo from the series, onlookers observe a whale shark at China’s Chimelong Ocean Kingdom, the world’s largest aquarium (pictured above). “It’s an enormous creature with an enormous range in its natural habitat, which raises serious questions about the ethics of keeping it there,” says Nelson. Pictured below, a snow cannon produces artificial snow at a ski resort in the Dolomite mountains in Italy. Around 90 per cent of Italian ski resorts now rely on artificial snow to remain open.

Snow cannon producing artificial snow. Dolomites ski resort. Italy. Ninety-five per cent of Italian ski resorts now rely on artificial snow to keep their resorts open throughout the season. One leading manufacturer produces more than 5,000 snow cannons every year, supplying ski resorts in 55 countries. The company has 40,000 snow cannons permanently installed on ski slopes around the world.

Snow cannon producing artificial snow. Dolomites ski resort.

Zed Nelson

“The series is, in essence, about how we have divorced ourselves from the natural world, and are in the process of destroying it,” says Nelson. “It looks at how an artificial version of nature has proliferated – I would argue to hide from ourselves what we have done, and to satisfy our craving for a communion with nature.”

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