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Columnist and Environment

A spat over sand eels threatens puffins and other iconic seabirds

Overfishing of small fish has led to population declines in the birds that feed on them. Now the UK government's attempts to protect this crucial resource faces a serious challenge

By Graham Lawton

26 February 2025

Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) perched on Bempton cliffs. Yorkshire, UK. Cute bird portrait in spring.; Shutterstock ID 2162124261; purchase_order: -; job: -; client: -; other: -

An Atlantic puffin

Alex Cooper Photography/Shutterstock

Last July I visited Bempton Cliffs, a nature reserve on the north-east coast of England managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

Throughout the spring and summer, around half a million seabirds nest on the precipitous chalk cliffs, making a cacophonous riot that is one of the most spectacular sights in the nature-denuded UK. A significant proportion of the world’s population of northern gannets breeds there, as do kittiwakes, guillemots, razorbills and – the star attraction – Atlantic puffins. Whales and dolphins can be seen offshore, though I was out of…

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