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Humans

Ancient face bones offer clues to identity of early humans in Europe

Bone fragments from a cave in northern Spain suggest there were multiple hominin species living in western Europe around a million years ago

By Michael Marshall

12 March 2025

The cheekbone and upper jaw of an ancient hominin found in Sima del Elefante, Spain

Maria D. Guillén / IPHES-CERCA.

A fragmentary bone from a Spanish cave is the oldest human face ever found in western Europe. The bones are part of the cheek and upper jaw, and are between 1.1 million and 1.4 million years old.

The bones are substantially different from the next oldest hominin bones from the same area, suggesting two distinct groups of ancient humans lived in western Europe around a million years ago.

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