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Analysis and Environment

Are democratic countries like the UK just climate hypocrites?

New research suggests wealthy democracies offshore their pollution to other nations – but is that what’s really going on?

By Madeleine Cuff

14 May 2025

Have democratic countries merely offshored their emissions to places like this steel plant in Benxi, China?

Jon Bower Pollution/Alamy

Since 1990, the UK has reduced its emissions by 53 per cent, making it one of the world leaders in climate action. It’s not alone though – Sweden, France and Switzerland are just some of the countries that have also seen significant cuts. But have they really?

These record emissions cuts have been delivered in a variety of ways, from deploying renewable energy to the power grid to insulating homes and encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles. But for some sectors,…

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